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【科研進展】花生機械化摘果損傷機理研究取得進展

2023-01-11 08:36:35 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機械化研究所 閱讀量：15054 評論

導讀：目前該機型已經(jīng)通過農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《農(nóng)業(yè)機械試驗鑒定辦法》的試驗鑒定和DG/T007-219《花生收獲機》的推廣鑒定，被納入河南省購機補貼目錄，并實現(xiàn)批量化生產(chǎn)。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機械化研究所 綠色耕作與根果類收獲機械化創(chuàng)新團隊 張鵬、徐弘博等為解決全喂入切流式花生摘果損傷率高的問題，通過自主研發(fā)設計并搭建花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗臺，開展花生摘果損傷機理特性研究。該試驗臺可根據(jù)花生果秧及莢果生物性狀、物理特性、滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、接觸摘果部件材料等條件擬定試驗方案進行模擬摘果摩擦碰撞損傷試驗，揭示不同工況下花生摘果碰撞接觸對損傷表面的影響機理。相關研究成果發(fā)表在《Agronomy》上。
 
　　團隊成員搭建的花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗臺即一種貼近作業(yè)工況、試驗精確度高、性能可靠的花生機械化摘果含摩擦碰撞試驗機?？梢栽谝欢ǚ秶鷥?nèi)根據(jù)不同工況對摘果轉(zhuǎn)速、接觸角度、深度以及不同材料特性等進行調(diào)整。既可以進行實際工況模擬分析研究，同時也能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)花生摘果過程中所受的碰撞進行分析，從而實現(xiàn)對試件材料的摩擦—碰撞耦合特性及其對應產(chǎn)品的綜合使用性能分析。

 花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗臺

 

　　花生摘果摩擦碰撞接觸分析示意圖
 
　　以花生主產(chǎn)區(qū)典型品種“大白沙”做研究對象，通過花生摘果碰撞摩擦試驗臺在不同條件下(接觸線速度、接觸材料、侵入深度、含水率)對花生摘果碰撞摩擦的特性規(guī)律展開試驗研究。單因素條件確定后開展了3因素3水平的正交試驗。試驗結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，花生摩擦系數(shù)和花生果莢磨損量的影響主次順序分別為：表面侵入深度>果莢含水率>接觸線速度，果莢含水率>表面侵入深度>接觸線速度。
 
　　除此之外，該團隊還利用Micro-CT及白光干涉儀等儀器對花生摘果彈齒表面碰撞磨損、表面殘留，以及花生果殼損傷特性展開進一步分析，探究花生摘果損傷機理。

 

　　花生摘果摩擦碰撞損傷Micro-CT剖面分析
 
　　團隊將此研究結果應用于切—軸流式全喂入摘果機構的優(yōu)化設計，減小花生摘果損傷率，減小整機負載、比配空間及生產(chǎn)成本，并通過對秧果分離機械式提升機構優(yōu)化，有效降低作業(yè)揚塵濃度，既解決了摘果損傷率高作業(yè)效率低的難題，又降低了作業(yè)揚塵排放污染，滿足了花生主產(chǎn)區(qū)全喂入收獲作業(yè)市場需求，協(xié)助團隊在綠色高效花生收獲機械化領域取得創(chuàng)新性突破。
 
　　目前該機型已經(jīng)通過農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《農(nóng)業(yè)機械試驗鑒定辦法》的試驗鑒定和DG/T007-219《花生收獲機》的推廣鑒定，被納入河南省購機補貼目錄，并實現(xiàn)批量化生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品已在我國冀、魯、豫、蘇、皖、鄂、等地推廣應用，取得了良好的經(jīng)濟、社會與生態(tài)效益。
 
　　該研究得到了江蘇省自然科學基金（青年科學基金項目）（BK20190140）和中國博士后科學基金面上項目(No.2021M7018020)的資助。

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